A SHORT HISTORY OF KANGLEIPAK (Manipur) Part III
by Wangkhemcha Chingtamlen
Table of contents
(Hindu period only since 1709 A.D.)
(a) A Chothe woman became the wife of king Charailongba
1. King Pamheiba Garivaniwaz (1709-1748 A.D.)
(a) Thangjam Chanu Irom Ongbi Thambal wife of Chaoba was forcibly brought to Royal Palace after killing Irom Chaoba by king Pamheiba when she was 5 months pregnant
Last days of king Irom Sanahal
International Treaties in Xerox
1. Photo of king Pamheiba Garivaniwaz
Preface
This history of Kangleipak series was planned to write in three parts. The first part was about the frauds and fabrications to the ancient history of Kangleipak, and along with it to show the real History of Kangleipak to the people. To destroy the Myths and Traditions wrongly created during the Hindu Rule since 18th century and misconception thus created to minds of the people of Kangleipak after the Puyas were burnt down by king Pamheiba Garivaniwaz, the first Hindu king, the writer used fabricated history books and literatures of the Hindu times to destroy themselves each other by their own contradictions. The first part, A SHORT HISTORY OF KANGLEIPAK (Manipur) Part I was a great success. The so called HISTORY SCHOLARS of present Manipur know it better. The first part was published in 2005.
Really speaking, the real History of Ancient Kangleipak is discovered now. The first Monarchy of Kangleipak was established in and around 2000 B.C. by Konchin Tukthapa Ipu Athoupa Pakhangpa, in concrete, the writer dates Ipu Athoupa Pakhangpa ascends the throne of Kangleipak in 1737 B.C., though the present Hindu history writers date it 33 A.D., a difference of 1770 years, without references and source of informations whatsoever, in the fabricated name of king Konjin Tuthokpa Nongda Lairel Pakhangba, Pakhangba equating to a Python. Horrible lai!
The second part was published in December, 2007. This part of the Kanglei Puwari was about the ancient history of Kangleipak before the advent of Hinduism. In writing and in discovering the ancient history of Kangleipak, the problems faced by the writer were the unavailability of real history materials because of the total burning of all written documents including Puyas (scriptures) in the 18th century by king Pamheiba Garivaniwaz and Santi Das Gossai, a fanatic Hindu religious preacher. Even though the writer has given the readers the clear picture of the form of Government in ancient Kangleipak, Salai Group peoples habitation areas, the Meetei scripts and its status in the community of scripts on earth etc. from available Puyas and scriptures before the advent of Hinduism in 18th century. The A SHORT HISTORY OF KANGLEIPAK (Manipur) Part II is one of the most important documents of Kanglei Puwari so far written in Manipur for your knowledge of ancient Kanglei Puwari and the problems created by Puya Meithaba in Kanglei History.
This third part of the A SHORT HISTORY OF KANGLEIPAK (Manipur) is the part of the history of Kangleipak beginning from 18th century when Pamheiba Garivaniwaz ascended the throne of Kangleipak in 1709 A.D. (the English writers say in 1714 A.D.). This part of the Kanglei History beginning from king Garivaniwaz in 18th century is very little known to the present Kangleichas, both plain and hill, because of the Social behaviors and attitudes of the successive governments and frontal Hindu organizations to conceal the fabricated History of Kangleipak and unbecoming social behaviors of certain Hindu kings towards indigenous Kangleichas. The readers will see the naked truth of Kanglei Puwari of this Hindu period only from this book, not from others. The readers will see in this book, how and in what way, the kings behaved towards Kangleicha hill peoples and how CHAHI TARET KHUNTAKPA happened etc. in clear terms. Please see the list of reference books at the end of this book and the table of contents immediately following to have a clear idea about this book.
This part of the Kanglei History series covers up to Chahi Taret Khuntakpa and end of Chahi Taret Khuntakpa to the time of king Gambhir Singh(1825-1834 A.D) only and this may necessitate a IV Part up to present. The writer tells very faithfully to esteemed readers that the writer has nothing to say and to write from his own imaginations as his opinions, that whatever the writer writes in this Kanglei History series are words and opinions spoken out by the abricated history books and literatures themselves from their own pages. They say themselves that they are fabricated history books and literatures. Some history writers of the present Manipur opine that this Kanglei History series are the personal opinion of the writer, it is heard, contrary to the facts presented in the series. This is not acceptable.
Lastly, the writer thanks to W. Iboyaima, Vice-President of the Kangleipak Historial and Cultural Research Centre, Sagolband Thangjam Leirak for his tireless work in proving the printing works, and M. Deven Luwang, Proprietor of the M.R. Printers, Sagolband for his warm cooperation in printing the book.
Wangkhemcha Chintamlen
Sagolband Thangjam Leirak
Imphal - 795 001
Dated 23-6-08
Tele: 9856245801
A SHORT HISTORY OF KANGLEIPAK (Manipur) Part III
How Hinduism invaded Kangleipak ?
The country Kangleipak became Manipur, for the first time in History, a Hindu state around 1709 A.D., How?
A sudden downfall of a country is generally brought to the victim country by superior Armed invasion first by routing the army and people of the victim country and by sudden destruction of social order, political system and aged old civilization of the victim country and superimposing everything of the victorious Army to the victim country and its people. This is generally a course of History of Mankind. But for the victim country Kangleipak, it was brought by treacherous, mean acts devoid of human qualities. Please see the events of history of Kangleipak since 1709 A.D. ( by western historians 1714 A.D.).
Kangleipak was one of the most ancient countries of the vast land mass of Asia inhabited by a Race called the Meeteis, a branch of man kind called by the western colonisers by the names of Mongolians, Mongoloids in 19th and 20th century Christian era. The country Kangleipak was established by Konchin Tukthapa, called by the people of Kangleipak as Ipu Athoupa (Brave Grand father) as a Monarchy with a definite polity around 2000 B.C., the political system being UNITARY FEDERALISM as the writer calls it (vide Part II page 64) and the first Monarch of Kangleipak, Konchin Tukthapa was also called by the people as PAKHANGPA, the man who knows the Father, the universal Father God. The full name of the first Monarch as we know to day is Konchin Tukthapa Ipu Athoupa Pakhangpa in 21st century Christian era from the scriptures of the Meetei Race as old as 2000 B.C.
Since the days of Konchin Tukthapa Ipu Athoupa and his seven sons called Seven Lailels (Lairels = best, highest Gods), Kangleipak became a centre of an Early Unique Human Civilization, with a very refined Culture, a Peaceful People Called the Meetei lived in the hilly country Kangleipak up to the beginning of 18th Century A.D. with a substantial progress in Art and Culture and in human quality and values. The Meetei Race had invented their writing scripts around 2000 B.C., one of the best writing scripts numbering only 18 alphabets based on PHONEMES of the Language spoken by the Meetei Race at the relevant times. This system of inventing writing scripts based on Phonemes is most modern scientific method. The development of writing scripts of the Meetei Race is much earlier than the developments in Europe and Indian subcontinent (vide pages 32-34 Part -II). The world famed Lai Haraoba Dance (Misnamed Ras Lila with some costume changes during Hindu days) was developed many many centuries ahead of the advent of Hinduism in Kangleipak. The world famed Polo was an indigenous game of Kangleipak since Early B.C., speaking in short, Kangleipak was a centre of an early Unique Human Civilization since 2000 B.C. unparalleled on Earth.
This peaceful progressing human civilization was stopped and trampled by some treacherous, cruel events in the beginning of 18th century Christian Era. The most refined Religion based on Spiritualism without Idol worship was destroyed by super imposing Idol worship religion, Hinduism most probably less refined religion as the writer and many many people on the Earth think. Our Lai Haraoba Dance has been stolen giving the name Ras Lila with some costume changes and nomenclature with some conceptual interpolation. Our most scientific and advanced writing scripts had been replaced by less scientific and less advance Hindu Bengoli scripts in the first half of 18th century during the reign of Pamheiba Garivaniwaz. The most refined culture of the Meetei Race had been replaced by seemingly less refined culture of the Hindu in the 18th and 19th century A.D. to say in short.
How these things were brought about in the course of Kanglei Puwari (History), you read now event and after event from the pen of a real indigenous and unfailing blood of Konchin Tukthapa Ipu Athoupa Pakhangpa.
The following event was the first prelude to the advent of Hinduism in Kangleipak and the WOMAN involved in the event was the woman through whom the man, as if an indigenous blood and person in the Royal family, came with the germ of Hinduism and brought an untold misery and destruction to Kangleipak.
the people as well as of the Monarch of Kangleipak before the advent of Hinduism. The Monarch had to give up his personal likes and dislikes because of the people he ruled. The second significance was a heart burning disappointment of the Lady-love of the king, the Chothe woman. She might have nurtured a revengeful mentality to the people and king of Kangleipak of the time.
Sapam Chanu Nungthil Chaibi was alone in the Nongpok Ingkhol. She had everything, but she was love hunger. She had a disappointed pang of separation from the king from whom she expected everything from Earth to Heaven. The official of the palace who was in charge of the disappointed lady was Haobam Selungba ( Selungba was not the name of the official, but it was official designation. The writer has not found any written evidence regarding the official’s name). There was one wandering hand palm reader called Bishnu Gossami at the time. He was introduced by Haobam Selungba to the disappointed lady telling that he (Haobam Selungba) was authorised to do so. In this way, the Palm reader had direct contact with the lady. The disappointed lady’s hand was examined by the Palm reader and was cheated by him. She was told that she could not beget a male child with the king, but he (Bishnu Gossami) could give her a male child. After hesitations, the lady-love of the king yielded to the pressure of the Palm-reader-cheater. She was pregnant.
Bishnu Gossami was caught and handed over to palace Executioner (Sanglingba) and Nungthil Chaibi also was about to be executed, but intervened by Louremba Khongnangthaba Maichou (Khongnangthaba was also not real name). The king and seven Maichous decided not to kill Sapam Chanu Nungthil Chaibi and decided to kill the child in the womb, if male, be killed after birth.
Palace conspiracy began now. Sapam Chanu Nungthil Chaibi and Haobam Selungba were always in touch regarding the child in the womb. They had decided to smuggle out the child if male, to a hill village Thangal. For this purpose they engaged the Khullakpa and Khullakpi of Thangal Village giving huge Bribes.
It was one Midnight, Sapam Chanu Nungthil Chaibi went to Wangkol Shang (Royal house for child birth). The fact was kept secrete from the king and Nungthil Chaibi gave birth to a male child. The child was smuggled out to Thangal Village and it was reported to the king that a stone was born (not human child) as already arranged between Haobam Selungba and Nungthil Chaibi giving huge bribes to the Royal Officials also above the Khullakpa and Khullakpi of the Thangal Village.
Time goes by. The son of Sapam Chanu Nungthil Chaibi became growing day by day and came to the stage of middle teenager.
One day king Charairongba went to Thangal Village to demand tribute from the village. When he reached the village, he met the child who was the very son of his most loved Chothe woman. The king was so much attracted to the child and loved so much. The child was brought to the Palace with two companions of the child and a Hou macha Loishang (Hou Macha Office) was established for bringing up the child. The child was named Pamheipa (Pam+heipa = Embodiment of love and attraction) by the king. The child became an adopted son of king Charairongba. Upto this time, the people of Kangleipak knew Pamheiba as hill Hou Macha boy. He was not recognised as a boy of Royal Family by the people. This was the reason why Pamheiba was taken as a Naga descent by some people at present. Because of this fact, Pamheiba had no hope for becoming king upto this time.
Palace conspiracy hastened now. The last days of king Charairongba were nearing day by day. The mother of Pamheiba, Sapam Chanu Nungthil Chaibi and Haobam Selungba met secretly too often and a plan for a coup was made by the company of Nungthil Chaibi, Haobam Selungba and Pamheiba. Pamheiba was about 20 years at this time. Because of the important role played by Haobam Selungba in the conspiracy, he was known as Haobam Sakol Makok ( meaning secret personal service head). At this stage of palace politics, it may become a persistent question that whether king Charairongba knew parentage fact of Pamheiba. The king knew the fact that Pamheiba was the result of an illegal relation between Bishnu Gossami and Sapam Chanu Nungthilchaibi, and he, most probably, knew the part played by Haobam Selungba. The course of history seems to tell us that the king Charairongba Acquiesced to the facts and circumstances of the case. At this stage a question may arise. Whether the palace intelligence failed? No. The palace knew everything. Whether the palace administration's long term policy, foresight for the country Kangleipak failed ? This entire Episode of birth of Pamheiba and upto this stage of Palace Politics, seem to indicate some failures, most probably, because of Bribes and conspiracy.
These stories told, up to this stage about Pamheiba, Chaibi and Haobam Selungba, were from Pamheiba Larei Lathup, a secret document written during the life time of Pamheiba. The writer will tell you almost the same story from a different source, from Meitingngu laininthou paikhomba' by Ningomba Manijao
'Miyak singkak kouba lairik asidana mathakta piriba asigi chaona onnaba amada pamheiba ningthoubu mapa lannabagi macha ama oina pirmami. madudi ningthou charaolongbagi ibema nungthil chaibibu ningthouga kena tounabadagi mahak asi saoba fatrifaoba inthoktuna Paonam hidel mamamgda feida hidanggi mayumda leihalli. maduda Bishnu Goshwami mayang lamboiba cheng niba sana feida hidanggi mayumda changlakye. Chaibina lamboibabu khamduna khubak yenghanbada 'ningthouga ibemaga nacha poku haiba leite'. Kari touraga pokani? nangna nacha pokke hairabadi eigi icha pige hairaga khujeng paibada, ibemana yarabada famjao kaduna maru hunkhiba lannaba macha (Pamheiba) - Meitingngu lainingthou Paikhomba. La: 98'
English translation : “In the book called ‘Miyat Singkak’, it was given in a big different way from that given above that Pamheiba king was an illicit son. That Nungthil Chaibi, the lady love of king Charailongba was kept in the home of Feida Hidang at Paonam Hidel excommunicated (by the king) while the king and Chaibi were not in good relation, during this period of (excommunication), one Mayang Monk Bishnu Gossami came to the Home of Feida Hidang in the garb of a beggar. Nungthil Chaibi stopped him and asked to examine her palms. The monk told her ‘you have no luck to have child with the king. If you want to have child, may I give you’ with these words the monk hold the upper part of the hand and Nungthil Chaibi agreed and went to the bed and fertilised an illicit child (Pamheiba).”
The smuggling out of Pamheiba just after birth to Thangal hill village was given in this book ''Meitingngu lainingthou Paikhomba' also by Ningomba Manijao with a comment that Angom Gopi who was an enemy of Pamheiba, might have written wrong stories to demoralise and derogate Pamheiba.
The birth of Pamheiba and smuggling out of him to Hill Thangal Village and subsequent bringing him by Charailongba king to Kanglei Palace was a traditional every home story even upto 21st century.
Pamheiba was about 20 years of age and there was a company of conspirators to stage a coup d'etat in the Palace. The end of the last Meetei king was very near at this stage of Palace Politics in Kangleipak. It was negotiated between Nungthil Chaibi and Haobam Selungba that if Pamheiba became king of Kangleipak, the daughter of Haobam Selungba, Apambi must be first queen of the king and first Lady of the land as price of the role played by Selungba in the long run conspiracy from birth of Pamheiba to make him king of Kangleipak in 1709 A.D. (1714 A.D.).
Charairongba was in the last days of his life and was less than 40 years of age. Khwai Keku Maichou advised the king Charairongba was in bad times of his life and advised to take prayer before the Sanamahi Lainingthou inside the Royal Palace for three days without food and drink. Above this, the Maichou also prayed Lainingthou for the welfare of the king. The king took the prayer for three days. It is generally believed that God’s ordeal cannot be stopped. In the last day of the 3 days prayer before dawn, the Tusuk Hou Army attacked the Kanglei Plain area and about to reach the capital. The Kanglei Meetei Army went to drive out the Tusuk Army. But the Tusuk Army was very strong and they could not be driven out without the king. It was reported to the king during his last day of prayer. The king came out before the completion of his prayers. The Tusuk army was defeated and the leader of the Hou Army was captured and killed. The king Charairongba returned to the Royal Palace. He was praying without food and drinkig for three days without even seeing the sunlight. In last day before dawn, he was under the social duty of the country to come out and meet the furious Tusuk army, and defeated them. He was too exhausted and fell asleep on the bed unconsciously. The three conspirators Nungthil Chaibi, Haobam Selungba and Pamheiba entered the royal living room with swords in their hands. Pamheiba stabbed his adopted king father with his sword on the chest of the king father. The king opened his eyes on the sudden thrust of the sword and saw Haobam Selungba and asked Selungba ‘ You tried to kill me’ and next moment brought out through Khwailampan Keithel with drum beats etc on the plea that the king wanted fresh air etc. But this was an ordeal of the God. When the Palanquin arrived near present Thong Nambolbi the dead king fell on the ground and at the same time a strong lightning ('thakki ten', ''nongmei singjang) cut the present Khongnang Hogaibi. The Chaibi, Selungba and Pamheiba and their company spread the information that the king was hit by the lightning and died.
But the women vendors of Khwailampan Keithel saw the fall of the dead king and knew that the lightning hit the Khongnang Hogaibi, not king Charairongba. Now the king Charairongba is dead in the hands of Pamheiba by thrusting a sword on the chest during his sleep. This is the story from Pamheiba Larei Lathup.
The real place where the dead body of the king Charairongba fell from the palanquin was the place where the king Bhagyachandra with an Elephant statue is there at present. Even now the place is remembered by the Kangleichas by going on foot by the bride groom when he reached the place even if he came on a palanquin.
You please see the different way of killing Charairongba as under :
In 'Meitei Ningthourol' by Sarangthem Bormani Singh at page - 96 it is written that while the king Charairongba was taking rest after suppressing the Tusuk Haos under the Sana Khongnang (present Khongnang Hogaibi), a strong lightning hit the Sana Khongnang and the king was unconscious for some time. During the unconsciousness of the king, Haobam Selungba thrust his spear on the chest of the king and the king was immediately dead.
In the Meitheis by T.C. Hodson at page 78 it is written : “ In that year (1714), Pamheiba, who appears to have been a Naga boy brought up and adopted by the Raja Churai Romba, shot his adopted father, it is said accidentally, whilst hunting, and succeeded him”. Whether it was in this way or the other, Nungthil Chaibi, Haobam Selungba and Pamheiba and their company cruelly murdered king Charairongba for the throne of Kangleipak is certain in the course of the history of Kangleipak
King Charairongba is done away with and will never return to say what and why. The deck is clear for Pamheiba to become the king of Kangleipak.
At page 80 of the Meitheis by T.C. Hodson, it is written “Charairongba is also said to be the last of the line of Pakhangba” at the footnote.